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Background: Diabetes and dyslipidemia commonly coexist, frequently associated with various cardio-vascular (CV) risk factors and good glycemic control is key for prevention of long-term CV complications. Although diabetes and dyslipidemia commonly coexist in India, there is a lack of evidence on pattern of dyslipidemia and whether dyslipidemia is adequately managed or not, particularly in rural population in a real-world setting. Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted to assess present glycemic status and lipid profile of the population residing in a rural tribal locality of Jharkhand (India) as part of project for fellowship in diabetes course by Department of Endocrinology, DEDU, CMC, Vellore. Materials and Methods: This non-interventional cross-sectional study was conducted in a tribal locality of Jharkhand (India) after concept note approval for ethical clearance from CMC Vellore. Whole-blood and sera of diabetic patients were analyzed for fasting-blood-sugar, Glycated-hemoglobin (HbA1c), total-cholesterol (CH), triglycerides (TGs), high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol, and very-VLDL-C. Correlation test of HbA1c with lipid-ratios and individual lipid indexes was done. Results: Mean Hb1Ac level was 7.24 ± 1.80 and interestingly, was marginally higher (7.31 ± 1.92 vs. 6.92 ± 1.16) in patients with DM <5 years as compared to those with DM >5 years. Mixed dyslipidemias were common with abnormal TG, LDL, VLDL, High-density lipoprotein (HDL), and Total CH values. Hb1Ac-levels showed significant positive correlation with serum CH, TG, LDL, and VLDL levels while significant negative correlation with HDL levels in the study. Conclusion: Apart from a reliable indicator of long-term glycemic control, HbA1c can also be used as a predictor of dyslipidemia and thus early diagnosis of dyslipidemia can prevent life-threatening CV-complications.
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Background : Common cold is an acute, self-limiting viral infection of the upper respiratory tract involving the nose, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx. According to various studies, the combination of analgesics, decongestants, and antihistamines provides better relief for multiple symptoms in the common cold. Fixed dose combination of Paracetamol as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic, Chlorpheniramine maleate, an anti-histaminic, and Phenylephrine as a nasal decongestant is primarily used in the treatment of the common cold. Hence the present post-marketing surveillance study was planned to find any unwanted adverse effects and efficacy of commercially available combination in treating the common cold in children. Methodology : The prospective, single-arm, multicenter, post-marketing clinical study included 224 children from four different study sites, of which 204 completed the study. Subjects were given this fixed dose combination for three days and then monitored for the next six days. During the study, the efficacy was evaluated using VAS score changes from the beginning to the end of the treatment. Incidence of Adverse Events (AE) and Serious Adverse Events (SAE) was assessed. The product's safety was also evaluated using blood biomarkers such as Hemoglobin, Platelet count, SGOT, SGPT, and creatinine level. Results : The reduction in symptomatic score of common cold and flu syndrome was observed after 3rd followup visit [(0.384±0.168 (visit 1) to 0.001±0.009 (Visit 3), (p<0.001)]. No intervention-related or serious adverse events (SAE) were observed in the study or follow-up period. The study found no major changes in the levels of haemoglobin, platelets, SGOT, SGPT, and creatinine. Conclusions : Fixed-dose combination of Paracetamol (125 mg), Phenylephrine HCL (5 mg), Chlorpheniramine Maleate (1 mg) and Sodium Citrate (60 mg/5 mL) is safe and effective in treating children's common cold and flu syndrome.
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Annadrava shoola is one of the diseases of the alimentary canal in which there is colic occurs after digestion, during digestion or at any time and Patient feels relief after vomiting. It can be said gastric ulcer on the basis of its signs and symptoms. Gastric ulcers are most commonly located on the lesser curvature, whereas duodenal ulcers are most common at the duodenal bulb. The ulcer is round to oval with a smooth base. Acute ulcers have regular borders, while chronic ulcers have elevated borders with inflammation. An ulcer extends beyond the muscularis mucosa. Ayurveda encourages lifestyle interventions and natural therapies to regain a balance between the body, mind and the environment. In this paper, a case study on Annadrava shoola has been explained. A female patient of 42 years of age came to the Kayachikitsa OPD (OPD REG.no-6836) Government Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Patna-03 having complain of pain and burning sensation in abdomen for 5 months as well as irregular bowel evacuation (>3episode) in the last 3 months. The nature of pain was gradual on onset and burning type and exaggerated after meal. On the basis of history of the patient and endoscopy report, he was diagnosed as gastric ulcer and pan gastritis. We have done the Shamana Chikitsa for the patient. In Shamana Chikitsa was done with combinations of Sutashekhar Ras, Tab Aciloss and Shatavari Churna for one month. Endoscopy was repeated after one and half months of treatment. Report showed only that the treatment cured the Annadrava shoola (gastric ulcer) of the patient. So, there is hope in Ayurveda for the treatment of Annadrava shoola.
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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition in which patients show altered bowel habit such as diarrhoea, constipation, rectal bleeding, tenesmus, passage of mucous and crampy abdominal pain etc. These symptoms may be relapsing and remitting episodes of inflammation limited to the muscles layer of colon. Allopathic medicine definitely made the life comfortable for human beings with various research and advancement in treatment modalities but in certain disease like ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and many more diseases it also searches a search engine and probably Ayurveda play this role in several ways. In Ayurveda Raktaja Arsh, Raktatisara, Raktaja Pravahika, Grahani shows symptoms having resemblance with Ulcerative colitis. Ayurveda described various treatment modalities for the management of Ulcerative colitis such as Anuvasan Basti, Piccha Basti, Samshamanyogas, proper nutritional supplements, herbal therapy, Yoga and meditation etc. In present study, A diagnosed case of ulcerative colitis, age 61yrs male from Dhanbad, Jharkhand came to OPD of Kayachikitsa, Government Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Patna. He complained of pain in abdomen, bleeding per rectum, excessive thirst, pain in joints of lower limb bilaterally. He was given Anuvasan Basti and Piccha Basti along with some drugs and his complaints not only relieved delayed remission as well. The goals of the treatment are to improve quality of life, minimize the risk of colon cancer and achieve steroids free remission of the disease ulcerative colitis.
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Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is chronic inflammatory disorders of unknown cause that primarily affects the axial skeleton (Predominantly sacroiliac joints and spine) peripheral joints and of extra articular structures may also be involved in an asymmetrical pattern. The disease usually begins in the second or third decade; the male to female prevalence is approximately 3:1. Patients having AS, more than 95% of them are positive HLA-B27. Use of NSAIDS are the first line of management and they effectively relieve the symptoms. Few Ayurvedic medicines found to be effective in the management of AS. Here, a case study of AS managed by Ayurvedic treatment approaches is presented. A patient 21yrs male came to OPD of Kayachikitsa i.e., Room No. 9 of GACH, Patna. He complaint of pain in B/L ankle left>right, also B/L knee joint pain as well as low back pain for 6 months. He was diagnosed on the basis of its signs and symptoms of AS with HLAB27 positive. He was managed by Ayurvedic medicines like Panchatikta Ghruta Gugglu, Ekangveer ras, Tab. Shallaki, Cap. Stresscom, Jrumax oil, Vaishwanar churna, Laxarid for 7 months and relief in his signs and symptoms.
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Purpose: To evaluate the retinal microvascular changes in patients, recovered from severe COVID?19 during the second wave of the pandemic in North India. Methods: In this observational cross?sectional study, 70 eyes of 35 patients who recovered from severe COVID?19 during the second wave underwent detailed ophthalmic evaluation 4–6 weeks after discharge. Twelve controls were also enrolled, and the difference in the findings between the case and control groups on optical coherence tomography (OCTA) were studied. Result: The ages of study participants ranged from 27 to 60 years with the male:female ratio being 1.05:1. The fundus changes suggestive of ischemia in the form of cotton wool spots and vascular tortuosity were seen in 25 eyes (35.71%). Increased venous tortuosity was the most common finding seen in 23 eyes (32.85%), of which 10 eyes (28.57%) had concurrent hypertensive retinopathy (HTR) changes. There was a significant reduction in the mean vascular density (VD) and perfusion density (PD) for both the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) at inner, outer ring, and whole (P < 0.05). Foveal avascular zone was significantly enlarged in both the SCP (P = 0.01) and the DCP (P = 0.03). The mean ganglion cell?inner plexiform layer (GC?IPL) was significantly reduced in comparison to controls (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Severe COVID?19 can result in microvascular changes at the macula in the form of reduction in vascular and perfusion density, which can be evaluated using OCTA. As structural changes precede functional changes, a close watch is recommended in patients showing compromise in retinal microvasculature
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Background :The common cold and flu syndrome primarily affects the upper respiratory tract, along with a low fever and some systemic symptoms such as sore throat, cough, nasal decongestion, headache, and so on. Several clinical studies have shown that combining analgesics, antihistaminics, and decongestants provides better symptom relief in the common cold. The current post-marketing surveillance study was designed to look into the safety and efficacy of commercially available Flucold Drops in the Indian population. Methodology :A current prospective, single arm, multicenter, post-marketing clinical study included 224 subjects, 220 of whom completed the study. All patients were given Flucold Drops for three days and then monitored for the next six days. During the study, the incidence of adverse events (AE) and serious adverse events (SAE) was assessed. The efficacy of the Flucold Drops was evaluated using VAS score changes from the beginning to the end of the treatment. The product’s safety was also evaluated using blood biomarkers such as haemoglobin, platelet count, SGOT, SGPT, and creatinine level. Results : Results show the reduction in symptomatic score of common cold and flu syndrome observed after 2rd follow-up visit (0.202+0.325 to 0.139+0.231). During the study, no intervention-related adverse events were observed. Furthermore, no Serious Adverse Events (SAE) were observed in the study or follow-up period. The study found no changes in the levels of blood biomarkers (haemoglobin, platelets, SGOT, SGPT, and creatinine). Conclusions : Flucold Drops are safe and effective in the treatment of common cold and flu syndrome in Children and infants.
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Bleeding during cardiac surgery, liver transplant, trauma and post partum hemorrhage are often multifactorial and these factors are dynamic as new factors crop up during the course of management. Conventional tests of coagulation offer information of a part of the coagulation system and also is time consuming. Viscoelastic point of care tests (VE POCTs) like rotational thromboelastometry, thromboelastogram and Sonoclot, are based on analysis of the viscoelastic properties of clotting blood and provide information for the entire coagulation pathway. In this comprehensive review being presented here, we have examined the pros and cons of VE POCTs including clinical, cost and survival benefits. The recommendations of the various guidelines regarding use of VE POCTs in various scenarios have been discussed. The review also tried to offer suggestions as to their optimal role in management of bleeding during cardiac surgeries, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, left ventricular assist devices, liver transplant and briefly in trauma and postpartum hemorrhage.
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Hepatitis is inflammation of liver parenchyma mostly caused by viruses and other factors. It’s a non-specific prodromal illness characterized by headache, myalgia, arthralgia, nausea, anorexia, dark urine, yellow discoloration of skin, mucosa, sclera and other tissues etc. Methodology: A diagnosed case of hepatitis, 37yrs old female patient, admitted in at Government Ayurvedic college & Hospital, Kadam Kaun, Patna, Having IPD No.1006, RN.7178. Based on symptoms, supported by blood investigation reports and Ayurvedic parameters, the condition diagnosed as Yakritsotha. Oral medicines given: Aryogyavardhini Vati, Punarnava Mandur, Shallaki, Syp. Kalmegh, Kasis Bhasm, Liv 52 HB, Phaltrikadi Kwatha, cap. Stresscom along with Pathya apathya ahara vihara were prescribed. Result: There was drastic decrease in all the symptoms. The effect of treatment was monitored during the follow up with routine blood examinations. The bilirubin level decreased from initial 6.2mg/dl to 1.0mg/dl. Discussion: This article is a discussion about a case of Hepatitis which was successfully treated by Ayurvedic line of treatment. The signs and symptoms, causes, pathos-physiology of Hepatitis, along with its co-relation in Ayurveda as Yakritsotha, its line of treatment and possible the mode of action of drugs were the main points of consideration. Conclusion: Use of medicines such as Aryogyavardhini Vati, Punarnava Mandur, Shallaki, Syp. Kalmegh, Kasis Bhasm, Liv 52 HB, Phaltrikadi Kwatha, cap. Stresscom along with Pathya apathy ahara vihara showed good result without any complication in the present study.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze and compare the Von Mises stress and principal stress distribution in palatal bone around the palatal implant in lingual orthodontics (LiO) for single and double palatal implant systems with varying lengths of lever arm. Methods: Two groups were assessed: single (Group 1) and double (Group 2) palatal implant systems, which were further divided into two subgroups, based on lever arm length, for analyzing stress in the palatal bone around the implant. Hence, two 3D finite element models of bilateral maxillary first premolar extraction cases were constructed in each system. Lingual brackets (0.018-in slot) were positioned at the center of the clinical crown. In both systems, 150g of retraction force was applied, and ANSYS v. 12.1 software was used to analyze and compare stress in the palatal bone around the palatal implant. Results: In this study, higher stress was observed at the inner threaded interface of cortical bone. Magnitude of Von Mises stress was higher in Group 2 (0.63 MPa and 0.65 MPa) in comparison to Group 1 (0.29 MPa and 0.29 MPa). Similarly, magnitude of principal stress was higher in Group 2, in comparison to Group 1. Higher stress was observed in the apical region of the implant-bone interface of cancellous bone. Conclusion: This study concluded that the Von Misses stress as well as principal stress in the palatal bone were within the optimal limit in both groups. Finally, it can be concluded that both systems (single and double palatal implant) were safe for the patients in clinical use of 150g of retraction force.
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar e comparar as tensões de Von Mises e a distribuição das tensões principais no osso palatino ao redor de implantes palatinos em Ortodontia Lingual (OL) para sistemas de implantes palatinos unitários ou duplos com comprimentos variados do braço de alavanca. Métodos: Foram delineados dois grupos para o presente estudo: Grupo 1 - com sistema de implante palatino unitário e Grupo 2 - com sistema de implantes palatinos duplos. Em seguida, os grupos foram divididos em dois subgrupos, com base no comprimento do braço de alavanca, para analisar as tensões no osso palatino ao redor do implante. Para cada sistema, foram construídos dois modelos 3D de elementos finitos (MEF) de casos com extração bilateral de primeiros pré-molares superiores. Braquetes linguais (slot 0,018") foram posicionados no centro das coroas clínicas. Nos dois sistemas, foram aplicados 150g de força de retração nos dentes anteriores, e o software ANSYS v. 12.1 foi usado para analisar e comparar as tensões no osso palatino ao redor dos implantes. Resultados: Foram observados maiores níveis de tensões na parte interna rosqueada no osso cortical. A magnitude das tensões de Von Mises foi maior no Grupo 2 (0,63MPa e 0,65MPa) em comparação ao Grupo 1 (0,29MPa e 0,29MPa). De forma semelhante, foi observada maior magnitude das tensões principais no Grupo 2 do que no Grupo 1. Maiores tensões foram observadas na região apical da interface osso/implante no tecido ósseo esponjoso. Conclusão: A tensões de Von Mises e as tensões principais no osso palatino ficaram dentro do limite ideal em ambos os grupos. Ambos os sistemas de implantes palatinos (unitário e duplo) foram seguros para o uso clínico em pacientes com força de retração de 150g.
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Introduction: Citrobacter infection occurs in a hospital setting in patients with multiple comorbidities and it occasionally causes disease in general population. Neonates and immunocompromised are highly susceptible to Citrobacter infections which are mainly caused by Citrobacter freundii and Citrobacter koseri, the incidence of nosocomial infections caused by antibioticresistant Gram-negative pathogens is increasing. This study was done to know the development of drug resistance in emerging pathogen Citrobacter. Methods: The study was conducted in the department of microbiology in a tertiary care hospital for a period of 1 year. Bacterial identification was performed by routine conventional microbial culture and biochemical tests using standard recommended techniques. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion technique on Mueller‑Hinton agar, as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Results: In the present study, 1788 pus samples were processed for a period of 1 year, out of which in 808 pus samples, organisms were isolated. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 234 (28.96%) cases. Escherichia coli was isolated in 168 (20.79%) cases, Pseudomonas was isolated in 125 (15.47%) cases, and Proteus was isolated in 32 (3.96%) cases. Enterobacter spp. was isolated in 51 (6.31%) cases. Acinetobacter was isolated in 16 (1.98%) cases. Candida spp. was 17 (2.10%). Citrobacter spp. was isolated in 85 (10.52%) cases. In 85 cases of Citrobacter spp., 58 (68.23%) were C. freundii and 27 (31.76%) were C. koseri. In the present study, Citrobacter spp. was sensitive to amikacin in 36.47% of cases, gentamycin in 48.88% of cases, and levofloxacin in 29.41% of cases. Conclusion: Citrobacter species is an emerging pathogen developing drug resistance. Drug options are limited in the current scenario; hence, injudicious and inadequate use of antibiotics should be avoided.
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Objective Information available on acid–base imbalance in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) submitted to primary percutaneous intervention is limited and no data were present on intracoronary blood analysis, extracted from obstructed artery. Methods This was a prospective study conducted over 12 months in which STEMI patients presenting in emergency and undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention were included. Blood gas analysis of intracoronary arterial blood from obstructed vessel and peripheral arterial blood was performed. Patients in whom adequate intracoronary sample could not be obtained were excluded. Intracoronary and peripheral arterial blood gas measurements were correlated and relationship of intracoronary parameters were compared with clinical parameters, investigational markers and short-term outcome. Results The mean age of study population was 54.8 years and average symptom onset to door time was 162 min. On comparing intracoronary blood with peripheral blood arterial obtained, pH (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.01 to 0.02;p = 0.44), lactate (95% CI 0.03–0.1;p = 0.28), bicarbonate (95% CI 0.6–1.5;p = 0.64), pCO2 (95% CI 1.1–2.4;p = 0.79) and pO2 (95% CI 3.2–47.5; p = 0.06) were all found to be statistically insignificant. Intracoronary hyperlactatemia was present in patients presenting with higher symptom onset to door time (p = 0.025). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p = 0.03) was also significantly lower in patients who had high intracoronary lactate levels. Conclusion The evaluation of intracoronary blood provides no additional information regarding the prognosis and short-term (30-day) outcome of the patients when compared with peripheral blood. However, there was a significant intracoronary hyperlactatemia in patients presenting late after symptom onset. SBP was also significantly less in patients with high intracoronary lactate, which signifies that predominant cause of hyperlactatemia was systemic hypoperfusion rather than local increase in lactate levels.
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Dental students face various threats during the time of their clinical training and learning, one of those is the possibility to be exposed to blood-borne infections, with the associated risk of HIV. According to UNAIDS, presently there are approximately 36.9 million people living with HIV/AIDS across the globe. The types of exposure which may pose risk to the dentist of acquiring blood-borne pathogens may be; percutaneous injury (e.g., Injury with needle-stick or with a sharp instrument), contact with the mucous membranes of the mouth or eye, contact with non-intact skin (e.g. chapped or abraded skin, or dermatitis affected skin). Methods: This was a cross sectional analytical study, conducted among Interns of various dental colleges of Lucknow, U.P. The study population of only 275 BDS interns voluntarily completed the questionnaire. A self-administrated questionnaire consisting of 14 close-ended items was used for data collection. The interns were given the questionnaire at the time of their clinical posting in various departments and were asked to fill it out without discussing it in fifteen minutes. Results: Total of 274 interns completed the survey. 83.2 % (n=228) interns heard about the term PEP. 93 % said that there should be guidelines regarding PEP in working areas, and 95% said that PEP can reduce the chances of developing AIDS in patients exposed accidentally to the used instrument/syringe. 53.3 % i.e. 146 interns had been pricked accidentally by infected instrument / Syringe. shockingly only 18 % interns went for the right way of PEP i.e. they first washed the prick area under running water, got the lab test of the patient and of self-done and by the time report comes they sought for medical advice and started the drug regimen. Conclusions: As this study as well as other studies in past have revealed that this is not rare for a dental practitioner to get pricked by any infected instrument or syringe during working on dental patients, the education of BDS students in Post Exposure Prophylaxis is mandatory which is not at all a part of BDS curriculum and thereby keeping dental graduates devoid of this life saving knowledge
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Health professionals, especially physicians, medical and dental students are always in direct contact with patients and are vulnerable to the acquisition of infections like hepatitis B.4 Moreover, graduates in dentistry also require advanced health care training, clinical knowledge on infection control.5 Therefore, the current study was conducted to assess and compare the level of awareness and attitude towards hepatitis B infection among medical and dental students of Lucknow. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 medical and dental students of King George Medical University, Lucknow using a self-structured questionnaire, over the time period of 3 months. This selfadministered questionnaire comprised of 24 closed-ended questions to assess the awareness and attitude of students regarding HBV infection. 100 medical and 100 dental students were selected using simple random sampling method. Results: The study was conducted among 200 medical and dental students. Majority 99(99%) medical students and 98(98%) dental students had heard about hepatitis B infection. 97(97%) medical students thought it was blood borne infection and 93(93%) dental students thought it was a blood borne infection. 99 (99%) medical and 100(100%) dental students thought it was transmitted by all the given routes. It was noticed that only 5(5%) medical and only 4(4%) dental student checked their antibody status after vaccination. It was also noticed that 61(61%) medical and 47 (47%) dental students thought dentist or physician infected with HBV should avoid patient treatment especially surgery. 56(56%) medical and 61 (61%) dental students thought infection of Hep B can be prevented by Hep B Vaccine completely. Conclusion: Majority of medical and dental students have heard about HBV infection, they know about modes of transmission and vaccination schedule. It was noted that, majority of medical and dental students undergo vaccination for hepatitis B, but all of them have not completed all three doses of vaccination. The reason behind this attitude was lack of motivation or they never thought of it. Most of them acknowledged that dentists are at high risk of exposure and every patient undergoing surgical procedure should go for HBV investigation. A significant fraction of medical and dental students infected with HBV did not avoid working on the patients even during surgery. Hence, a regular awareness program for all the students would be very beneficial.
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Introduction: A healthy oral cavity aids a subject inperforming their routine body functions, which in turn helpsin providing adequate nutrition to the body. For the occurrenceof periodontal pathologies and dental caries, one of themajor risk factors is poor oral hygiene. The importance oforal hygiene cannot be detached from the general context ofadolescence. Adolescence has the capability of independentlyattaining adequate oral hygiene but self-awareness is missingin adolescence.Material and methods: The present cross-sectionalstudy was conducted among 12 to 15 years old 199 schoolchildren of Lucknow semi-urban area using a self-structuredquestionnaire. List of schools in the periphery of Lucknowwas searched and 8 schools were chosen using simplerandom technique (2 from every direction). Selected subjectswere analyzed for basic oral health knowledge, attitude,and practices of oral hygiene using the self-structuredquestionnaire. The oral hygiene status was evaluated usingsimplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S). Oral prophylaxiswas performed and oral health education was given to all thesubjects, using a power point presentation, and tooth brushingmodel. All subjects were reassessed after 4 weeks. The valueswere compared.Results: 199 students were present on both the day ofexamination. All the subjects were taken from 6th and 7thstandard falling into the age range of 12 to 15 years. Significantimprovement in OHI-S scores (before-2.62, After – 1.11) wasobserved in this study. Difference in the number of subjectsgiving correct answer at baseline and second visit was alsosignificant showing improvement in their knowledge andpractice of oral hygiene.Conclusion: School based oral health education program is acost effective strategy which can be implemented using veryless infrastructure and personnel. This study also showed thatoral health education program can improve the knowledge,attitude and practice regarding oral hygiene maintenance.Thus this kind of programs should be conducted regularly inschools.
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Introduction: Work related musculoskeletal disorders are oneof the most common health problem among the dentists andthe most common reason for early retirement from dentistrybecause in dentistry, clinically, working field is confined to avery small area (oral cavity). Ergonomics is highly relevantto preventive and occupational medicine, management ofmusculoskeletal injuries and rehabilitation. The objectives ofthis study was to assess the knowledge and practice towardsErgonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) amongdental population.Material and Methods: This was a cross sectional analyticalstudy, conducted among Interns of various dental colleges ofLucknow, U.P. A set of closed ended twelve questions wereprepared to collect the relevant information pertaining tothis study. Questions were related to assess the knowledgeand practice towards ergonomics and work related musculoskeletal disorders. Type of clinical practice, Dentists workingposition, number of clinical working hours, musculo-skeletalproblem, location of pain, were includedResult: The study sample consisted of 225 dental students(195 BDS interns and 30 MDS students) and 56 privatepractitioners. Majority of subjects i.e. 67.89% studentsand 74.57% practitioners said that they don’t know aboutergonomics at all. 75.57% students and 82.13% practitionersaccepted that practicing dentistry without ergonomicsprinciples can cause musculoskeletal disorders. Only 55.6%students and only 8.92% practitioners were strictly followingthe principles of operator’s position, patient’s position anddental chair’s position while treating patients in dentalclinic. 60.71% practitioners and 26.67% students had pain inshoulders, back or extremities regularly, 26.78% practitionersand 51.11% students had pain sometimes whereas only 12.7%practitioners and 22.23% students never had pain.Conclusion: The key for dental clinicians for staying healthyand fit is to adopt an ergonomic position all the times andadopting yoga/exercise in their daily routine thus preventingthem from developing MSDs. Faculty in the institutions arerequired to teach these principles on ‘need for dentist’s health’basis rather than just as a curriculum since BDS first year sothat prevention of MSDs can be implemented at primary level
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Barilius bendelisis (Hamilton) inhabits cold water drainages of the Himalayan region, occurring near the stream banks. It is an important component of the diet of rural population of Uttarakhand and Jammu. Despite the aquaculture importance of B. bendelisis, no extensive molecular characterization from two geographically isolated rivers, Alaknanda and Chenab, has been conducted. In order to study those aspects, 567 samples of B. bendelisis were analysed and collected from these tributaries of two geographically isolated rivers between March of 2015 and April 2017. The morphometric data were analysed by means of truss analysis using tpsDig2 and PAST, whereas the genetic characterization was performed using the COI gene. In truss analysis 14 landmarks resulting in 90 measurements were studied from the digitized images of the sampled specimens. In total 23 measurements exhibited significant differences among the populations of B. bendelisis. The principal component analysis (PCA) generated seven components explaining- 93.15 % of total variance. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) revealed that 83.8 % of the specimens were classified into their original populations. Truss based morphometry and Maximum likelihood type of phylogenetic tree revealed heterogenicity between the two geographically isolated populations of B. bendelisis.
Barilius bendelisis (Hamilton) habita las aguas frías de de las riberas de los ríos del Himalaya. Es un componente importante de la dieta de la población rural de Uttarakhand y Jammu. A pesar de la importancia de B. bendelisis en la acuacultura, no se reportan caracterizaciones moleculares de los ríos geográficamente aislados, Alaknanda y Chenab. Para estudiar estos aspectos, analizamos 567 muestras de B. bendelisis que se recolectaron de los afluentes de estos dos ríos entre marzo 2015 y abril 2017. Analizamos los datos morfométricos por medio del análisis truss utilizando tpsDig2 y PAST y para la caracterización genética utilizamos el gen COI. En el análisis truss 14 puntos de referencia que resultaron en 90 medidas se analizaron de imágenes digitalizadas de especímenes muestreados. Un total de 23 medidas mostraron diferencias significativas entre las poblaciones de B. bendelisis. El análisis de componentes principales (PCA) generó siete componentes explicando el 93.15 % del total de la varianza. El análisis de función discriminante (DFA) reveló que el 83.8 % de los especímenes fue clasificado dentro de sus poblaciones originales. La morfometría basada en el análisis de truss y el árbol filogenético de máxima verosimilitud revelaron hetrogeneidad entre las dos poblaciones geográficamente aisladas de B. bendelisis.
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Background and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to carefully translate and psychometrically validate the depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21) in Hindi language for Hindi-speaking head and neck cancer (HNC) and oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) patients. Materials and Methods: One hundred and sixty-seven HNC and OPMD patients were recruited for this study comprising of 111 oral cancer and 56 OPMD patients. According to internationally accepted guidelines, forward and backward translation procedures were performed, to develop a culturally acceptable version of DASS-21. Validated Hindi version of hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) questionnaire was used to compare the scores. Internal consistency for construct validity of the DASS-21 was assessed. Related data and the patients' demographics details were recorded. Factor analysis using varimax rotation was also carried out. Results: The Cronbach's alpha values were 0.998, 0.990, and 0.994, respectively, for depression, anxiety, and stress domains, which was comparable to other studies and indicated a strong internal consistency and good construct validity. Factor and varimax analysis revealed items to be well suited to their respective domains. A statistically significant strong correlation was reflected with HADS Hindi questionnaire; Spearman's rank correlation values observed were 0.80 and 0.83 for depression and anxiety, respectively. Interpretation and Conclusions: Hindi version of the DASS-21 questionnaire appears to be culturally appropriate, reliable, and psychometrically valid tool for evaluation of the psychological burden (depression, anxiety, and stress) in Hindi-speaking HNC and OPMD patients
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Introduction: Septicemia is the significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonates and is responsible for 30-50% of totalneonatal deaths .Each year in developing countries. It is estimated that 20% of all neonates develop sepsis and approximately1% die of sepsis related causes.In India, according to National Perinatal Database the incidence of neonatal septicemia has beenreported to be 30/1000 live births. The emergence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in neonatal patientsis increasing. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy of septicemia is of utmost importance to prevent morbidity and mortality.Aim and Study: It was to find out the bacteriological profile in neonatal sepsis and study their antimicrobial susceptibilitypattern including detection of MRSA.Methods: This study was conducted for a period of one year in the department of microbiology in a tertiary care hospital. A totalof 283 blood samples were collected using sterile precautions They were processed following standard laboratory protocol.Antibiogram was done using appropriate antibiotics by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Isolated of Staphylococcus aureuswere tested for methicillin resistance.Results : Blood from 283 neonates with the clinical signs and symptoms of sepsis were collected and samples were processed.Out of which 96 (33.92%) were culture positive.Total 53 (55.2%) Staphylococcus aureus were isolated out of which 27 (50.94%)were MRSA (Methicliin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus).Acinetobacter spp.was isolated in 15 (15.62%) cases.Klebsiella spp.was isolated in 13 (13.54%) cases. Psedomonas spp. was isolated in 3(3.12%) case . Antibiotic sensitivity test of MRSA wasdone and all MRSA isolates were sensitive to Vancomycin.Conclusion: Multidrug resistance among the isolates was common. Early diagnosis and institution of specific antibiotics afterstudying the sensitivity pattern will help in reducing neonatal morbidity and mortality and prevent emergence of drug resistantstrains. An effective infection-control programme, regular antibiotic susceptibility surveillance ,evaluation, and the enforcementand periodic review of the antibiotic policy of the hospital as well as the encouragement of rational antibiotic use will reducethe rates of development of bacterial resistance.
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Background: The trial was done to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of hydroxychloroquine when added to stable insulin therapy in combination with metformin and glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) compare to sitagliptin.Methods: After two weeks run in period, eligible patients inadequately controlled on long acting, intermediate acting or premixed insulin (HbA1c ?7.5% and ?10%), in combination with metformin and glimepiride were randomised 1:1 to the addition of once daily hydroxychloroquine 400mg or sitagliptin 100mg over 24weeks study period. The primary endpoint was HbA1c change from baseline at week 24. Home based glucometer was used to determine finger stick glucose value to detect hypo or hyperglycemia periodically.Results: At 24 weeks, the addition of hydroxychloroquine significantly (p <0.001) reduced HbA1c by 1.3% compared with Sitagliptin which was 0.9%. A greater proportion of patients achieved an HbA1c level <7% while randomised to Hydroxychloroquine as compared with sitagliptin (31 vs. 18% respectively; p <0.001). The addition of hydroxychloroquine significantly (p<0.001) reduced fasting plasma glucose by 31.0mg/dl (vs 23.2mg/dl with sitagliptin) and post prandial plasma glucose by 52.1mg/dl (vs 41mg/dl with sitagliptin) relative to sitagliptin. The difference in mean value of total daily insulin dose showed a highly significant decrease (P <0.0001) from baseline to end of the treatment with hydroxychloroquine i.e. from 41±10.2 to 31.87±16.49 IU as compare to sitagliptin i.e. from 41±10.6 to 37.91±11.71 IU. And also highly significant (P <0.0001) decrease in mean weight was observed at the end of trial with hydroxychloroquine.Conclusions: Hydroxychloroquine decreases HbA1c in patients whose type 2 diabetes is poorly controlled with stable-dose insulin therapy with metformin and glimepiride.